// Fractal tree: a module that calls itself. Each branch splits in two,
// a little shorter and thinner, until the twigs end in leaves. The seed
// bends every branch differently, so no two trees are the same.

/* [Tree] */
// Diameter of the ring
size = 120; // [80:5:240]
// How many times the branches split
depth = 6; // [4:1:8]
// Angle between two branches, in degrees
spread = 56; // [20:1:80]
// Length of a branch compared with the one before
ratio = 0.76; // [0.6:0.01:0.82]
// How much the branches wander
wildness = 14; // [0:1:30]
// Different seeds grow different trees
seed = 12; // [1:1:999]
// Round leaves at the ends of the twigs
leaves = true;

/* [Text] */
// Engraved on the ground, leave empty for none
label = "2026"; // 16

/* [Material] */
// Sheet thickness
$thickness = 3; // [2:0.5:6]
// Beam width
$kerf = 0.15; // [0:0.01:0.3]

/* [Hidden] */
$material = "plywood";
$fn = 20;
r = size / 2;
rim = max(3, size * 0.03);
ground = -r * 0.62;
leaf = size / 120;
thinnest = 1.6;
rnd = rands(-1, 1, pow(2, depth + 1), seed);
base = [0, ground + r * 0.05];
// The trunk length that would make the tree about as tall as the ring
tall = r * 1.45 * (1 - ratio) / (1 - pow(ratio, depth + 1));

// Where every branch ends, from a trunk of this length standing at [0, 0]:
// the same steps as branch() below, as numbers instead of shapes
function tips(length, level, k, pos = [0, 0], a = 0) = let (
  a2 = a + rnd[k] * wildness,
  end = pos + length * [-sin(a2), cos(a2)]
) level == 0 ? [end] : concat([end], [for (side = [0, 1]) each tips(
  length * ratio * (1 + rnd[(2 * k + 1 + side) % len(rnd)] * 0.12), level - 1,
  2 * k + 1 + side, end, a2 + (side == 0 ? 1 : -1) * spread / 2)]);

// How far a tip may go: inside the ring, leaving room for its leaf
inner = r - rim - 3.6 * leaf - 1.5;
// How much of direction d fits inside the ring from the base
function fit(d) = let (bd = base * d, dd = d * d, c = base * base - inner * inner)
  dd == 0 ? 1 : (-bd + sqrt(bd * bd - dd * c)) / dd;
// Shorten the tree just enough to keep every leaf inside the ring
trunk = tall * min(1, min([for (d = tips(tall, depth, 0)) fit(d)]));

// One branch of this length and width w, then two smaller ones on top.
// k numbers the branches so each one gets its own random bend.
module branch(length, w, level, k) {
  bend = rnd[k] * wildness;
  rotate(bend) {
    hull() {
      circle(d = w);
      translate([0, length]) circle(d = max(thinnest, w * 0.7));
    }
    if (level > 0) translate([0, length]) for (side = [0, 1])
      rotate((side == 0 ? 1 : -1) * spread / 2)
        branch(length * ratio * (1 + rnd[(2 * k + 1 + side) % len(rnd)] * 0.12),
          max(thinnest, w * 0.7), level - 1, 2 * k + 1 + side);
    else if (leaves) translate([0, length + leaf]) ellipse([1.5 * leaf, 2.6 * leaf]);
  }
}

module ground_shape() intersection() {
  circle(r = r - rim / 2, $fn = 180);
  translate([0, ground - r * 0.9]) ellipse([r * 1.3, r], $fn = 180);
}

difference() {
  union() {
    difference() {
      circle(r = r, $fn = 180);
      circle(r = r - rim, $fn = 180);
    }
    ground_shape();
    // Closing: grow then shrink, so gaps too small to cut are filled in
    offset(r = -0.3) offset(r = 0.3)
      translate(base) branch(trunk, max(5, size * 0.055), depth, 0);
    // Hanging loop
    translate([0, r]) circle(d = 12);
  }
  translate([0, r + 1.5]) circle(d = 5);
}

if (label != "") engrave() translate([0, ground - r * 0.2])
  text(label, size = r * 0.1, halign = "center", valign = "center");